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2022-04-27
生物除臭技术除臭的方法和原理是什么?
随着环保事业的不断发展,污水处理厂已成为一项必不可少的城市环境保护配套设施。目前,我国兴建的城市污水厂大多在大、中城市,有的很难避开居民区或村落,因此气味问题也应得到解决。同污水处理一样,臭味的处理方法有很多,但经济实用的还属生物除臭技术。
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生物除臭技术除臭的方法和原理是什么?
Date﹕2022-04-27|Source:Eclear Environmental

随着环保事业的不断发展,污水处理厂已成为一项必不可少的城市环境保护配套设施。目前,我国兴建的城市污水厂大多在大、中城市,有的很难避开居民区或村落,因此气味问题也应得到解决。同污水处理一样,臭味的处理方法有很多,但经济实用的还属生物除臭技术。

羿清环保生物滤池除臭设备

       1、产生气味的物质

       在污水处理工艺过程中产生气味物质主要由碳、氮和硫元素组成。只有少数的气味物质是无机化合物,例如:氨(NH3)、膦(PH3)和硫化氢(H2S);大多数的气味物质是有机物,比如:低分子脂肪酸、胺类、醛类、酮类、醚类、卤代烃以及脂肪族的、芳香族的、杂环的氮或硫化物。值得注意的是:这些物质都带有活性基团,容易发生化学反应,特别是被氧化。当活性基团被氧化后,气味也消失了,生物除臭工艺是基于这一原理。一般来说,扩散源废气的成分相当复杂,其气味又是一个不可客观确定的量,它与接受对象的敏感性、心理和生理作用有关。常用嗅觉法的原理是:将待测气体用无味的人造合成空气逐步进行稀释,直到刚好可以闻出气味(嗅阈)时为止,把此时的稀释比作为表示被测气体气味强度的量度,所需的稀释倍数越大,说明气体气味越大。这个稀释比被表示成“气味单位”。

            2、除臭方法

           废气处理的方法可以分成吸收吸附法和燃烧法两种,吸附法的主要代表是活性炭滤池。在这些方法中较为经济有效的是生物吸收法,其原理是气味物质被液相吸收并被微生物氧化,所以该法要求被去除的臭味物质有好的水溶性并可被生物氧化。污水处理厂的生物吸收除臭法主要有废气直接通入曝气池法、生物过滤法和生物洗涤法,其中常用的是前两种。废气直接通入曝气池法是将从格栅间、沉砂池、浓缩池、污泥脱水机房收集到的废气直接通入曝气池中,有机气味物质在曝气池中被活性污泥吸收,随后被分解。其主要优点是方法简单,费用低,但除臭效果较差,存在过曝气的可能,曝气池中污水生化处理过程将受到一定的影响,使得曝气池成为严重的气味扩散源,因此其应用有较大的局限性。

            3、工作原理

       生物过滤是使收集到的废气在适宜的条件下通过长满微生物的固体载体(填料),气味物质先被填料吸收,然后被填料上的微生物氧化分解,完成废气的除臭过程。固体载体上生长的微生物承担了物质转换的任务,因为微生物生长需要足够的有机养分,所以固体载体必须具有高的有机成分。要使微生物保持高的活性,还必须为之创造一个良好的生存条件,比如:适宜的湿度、pH值、氧气含量、温度和营养成分等。环境条件变化会影响微生物的生长繁殖,因此在试运行时或改变工况时要考虑生物过滤池会有一个适应期。

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