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2020-09-14
垃圾转运站工艺分析以及恶臭废气的来源以及危害有哪些?
城市建设发展速度快,城市垃圾的消纳处理矛盾也日益突出,垃圾转运站的建设不仅有利于垃圾集中、统一、规范和无害化处理,也有利于改善环境脏、乱、差现状,同时也满足人们对生活环境水平的提高。垃圾转运站的日常运行必定会对周围环境造成一定的影响,其中主要的影响为垃圾产生的恶臭气体。恶臭气体主要包括氨、硫化氢和甲硫醇、三甲胺等脂肪族类物质,其成分较为复杂,如何采取有效措施处理恶臭气体,是每一个垃圾转运站需要考虑的问题。
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垃圾转运站工艺分析以及恶臭废气的来源以及危害有哪些?
Date﹕2020-09-14|Source:Eclear Environmental

            城市建设发展速度快,城市垃圾的消纳处理矛盾也日益突出,垃圾转运站的建设不仅有利于垃圾集中、统一、规范和无害化处理,也有利于改善环境脏、乱、差现状,同时也满足人们对生活环境水平的提高。垃圾转运站的日常运行必定会对周围环境造成一定的影响,其中主要的影响为垃圾产生的恶臭气体。恶臭气体主要包括氨、硫化氢和甲硫醇、三甲胺等脂肪族类物质,其成分较为复杂,如何采取有效措施处理恶臭气体,是每一个垃圾转运站需要考虑的问题。

垃圾中转站工艺

        1、垃圾转运站工艺分析

            现大部分垃圾转运站都是全自动化操作,主要使用上投料式转运站方式,垃圾收集车辆到达转运站后,将垃圾全部卸入投料坑中,在液压装置巨大的作用力下,将垃圾压实,压实后垃圾通过运输车辆拉运到填埋厂进行填埋,或去垃圾焚烧发电厂进行焚烧发电。垃圾转运站可实现零散垃圾的收集,减小垃圾体积,有效降低运输成本,是治理城市生活垃圾污染环境的必不可少的设施。

           2、恶臭气体的主要来源

       我国的城市生活垃圾可以分为可回收垃圾、有害垃圾、厨余垃圾和其他垃圾。可回收垃圾主要包括一些废塑料、废纸等可回收利用的废物;有害垃圾主要是一些可能给人体或环境带来潜在风险的垃圾,例如废电池;厨余垃圾主要在家庭及饭店在做饭过程中产生的果皮、剩菜剩饭等。其中厨余垃圾是恶臭气体产生的主要来源。厨余垃圾主要是由有机成份组成的,尤其在夏天,大量堆积的厨余垃圾在高温作用下,经过发酵,CH4、H2S、NH4等具有刺激性气味的气体释放出来,对周边环境带来污染,给人体带来不适感。

           影响厨余垃圾的发酵产生气味的因素有很多,例如温度、pH值等。不同季节温度的变化是影响发酵的主要因素,夏天的气味要比冬天的气味重一些;不同地区饮食习惯不同,厨余垃圾的组成成份也会发生相应的变化,不同的组成成份,厨余垃圾的pH值也是不同的,不同菌种都有适宜生长的pH环境,研究发现,当pH值控制在4.5~6.0之间时,主要发生的是乙酸性发酵,在这样的环境下,厨余垃圾就会产生刺鼻的酸臭味,主要反应如下:

C6H12O6+2H2O→2CH3COOH+2CO2+4H2

           3、恶臭气体的危害

       恶臭气体挥发到车间空气中,不仅会对车间操作工造成影响,还会对还对周围的居民生活造成一定的影响。恶臭会使人嗅觉上的感到不适,如长期处于恶臭污染环境中的会使人产生厌食、失眠、记忆力下降、恶心、心情烦躁等功能性疾病,严重会使内分泌系统的分泌功能紊乱,影响机体的代谢活动。高浓度恶臭物质的突然袭击,有时会把人当场熏倒,造成事故。所以,垃圾中转站的建设单位必须采取必要的措施以减少刺激性气体的排放,减少对周边环境的影响,降低不适感。
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