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2020-10-27
曝气生物滤池的构造是怎样的?
大家都知道生物滤池除臭设备可以用来处理污水废气,可是生物滤池除臭设备的构造如何,有几个人了解。下面,我们就讲讲有关生物滤池除臭设备的构造吧!
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曝气生物滤池的构造是怎样的?
Date﹕2020-10-27|Source:Eclear Environmental

        大家都知道生物滤池除臭设备可以用来处理污水废气,可是生物滤池除臭设备的构造如何,有几个人了解。下面,我们就讲讲有关生物滤池除臭设备的构造吧!

        曝气生物滤池的主要构造包括池体、滤料、承托层、布气系统、布水装置、反冲洗装置、排水系统


       池体

        池体的作用是容纳被处理水和围挡滤料,并承托滤料和曝气装置的重量。其形状有圆形、正方形和矩形(长宽比为1.2~1.5)三种,结构形式有钢制设备(处理水量小)和钢筋混凝土结构(处理水量大)等。为保证反冲洗效果,单池面积不宜太大(≤100m2)。

       滤料

       滤料是生物滤池的主体,对生物滤池的净化功能有直接影响。因此滤料需具备质坚、高强、耐腐蚀、抗冰冻,较高的比表面积,较大孔隙率,且能就地取材,便于加工、运输等条件。材质可用轻质陶粒、炉渣、石英砂、焦炭、沸石等,以圆形陶粒为佳。粒径为3-6mm,滤层厚度约2.5-4.5m。

       承托层

       作用是支撑滤料,防止滤料流失和堵塞滤头,同时还要保持反冲洗稳定进行。为保证承托层的稳定和配水的均匀性,要求材质具有良好的机械强度和化学稳定性,其形状尽量接近圆形,常用材质为卵石。

       布水系统

       包括滤池下部的配水室和滤板上的配水滤头。

       对于上流式滤池,配水室的作用是使某一短时段内进入滤池的污水均匀混合,依靠承托滤板和滤头的阻力作用是污水在滤板下均匀、均质分布,并通过滤板上的滤头均匀流入滤料层;除了滤池正常运行布水外,也可作为定期对滤池进行反冲洗时布水用。对于下流式滤池,该布水系统主要用作滤池反冲洗布水和收集净化水用。

       配水室组成

       缓冲配水区和承托滤板。缓冲配水区初步混匀污水,然后依靠承托板的阻力作用使污水在滤板下均匀、均质分布,并通过滤板上滤头将污水均匀送入滤料层。缓冲配水区在水气联合反冲洗时起到均匀配气作用。

       配水滤头

       其作用是向滤池均匀配水。

       布气系统

       工艺布气系统(充氧曝气)和进行气-水联合反冲洗时的供气系统(反冲洗曝气)。

       工艺布气系统:保持曝气生物滤池中充足的溶解氧并维持滤池内生物膜高活性。曝气生物滤池一般采用鼓风曝气形式,空气扩散系统一般有穿孔管空气管空气扩散系统和专用空气扩散系统两种,该装置(EPT)按一定间隔安装在空气管道上,距承托板约0.1~0.15m,空气通过扩散器并流过滤料层是可达30%以上的氧利用率,且不易堵塞。

       反冲洗系统

       由反冲洗供水系统和反冲洗供气系统组成。

       采用气-水联合反冲洗,目的是去除滤池运行过程中界留下的各种颗粒、胶体污染物及老化脱落的微生物膜。联合反冲洗系统的配水配气是通过滤板及固定其上的长柄滤头实现。反冲洗时,反冲洗进气与滤板下形成气垫层,随后空气便从长柄滤头上端的进气孔进入,反冲洗水则由长柄滤头下端进水孔进入。

       反冲洗过程一般分为三步:气洗、气水同时反洗、水漂洗。气洗目的是松动滤料层,使滤料层膨胀。气洗强度一般为10~15L/(m2*S),时间为5min。气水同时反洗目的是将滤料上截留的悬浮物和老化的生物膜冲洗出去,水洗强度为5.0~8.5 L/(m2*S),时间为5~8min。水漂洗目的是将滤料上表面的悬浮物和老化的生物膜冲洗出去,时间为为5~8min。滤层膨胀率约为10%。

       出水系统

       出水系统分为周边堰出水或单侧堰出水两种。在大中型污水处理厂一般采用单侧堰出水,并将出水堰口出设计成60°斜坡,以降低出水流速。在出水堰口设置栅形稳流板以拦截反冲洗时被出水带出的滤料。
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