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2020-11-06
污水厂除臭中化学洗涤法是如何除臭的?
除臭技术在国外已经有几十年的运营经验,随着国内经济水平的提高和环保意识的加强,在国内也正开始兴起并呈走向蓬勃的趋势。
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污水厂除臭中化学洗涤法是如何除臭的?
Date﹕2020-11-06|Source:Eclear Environmental
除臭技术在国外已经有几十年的运营经验,随着国内经济水平的提高和环保意识的加强,在国内也正开始兴起并呈走向蓬勃的趋势。目前,国内外主要的除臭技术有活性炭吸附法、热氧化法、氧离子基团除臭法、化学洗涤法、生物过滤法、植物液除臭法和高能离子除臭技术等。下面我们就看看其中比较常用的方法化学洗涤法。


     化学洗涤法 


       水清洗是利用臭气中的某些物质能溶于水的特性,使臭气中氨气、硫化氢气体和水接触、溶解,达到除臭的目的。传统的化学除臭法是利用臭气中的某些物质和药液产生中和反应的特性,利用呈碱性的苛性钠和次氯酸钠溶液,脱去臭气中硫化氢、有机酸等酸性物质,利用盐酸或硫酸等酸性溶液,去除臭气中的氨气等碱性物质。H2S与化学介质(NaOH、NaOCl)反应方程式如下: 


PH>7  NaOCl+2 NaOH+H2S→4 NaCl+Na2SO4+2H2O 


PH<7  NaOCl +H2S→Na2S4+H2O 


与活性炭吸附法相比较,化学除臭法必须配备较多的附属设施,如药液贮存装置、药液输送装置、排出装置等,运行管理较为复杂。适合于较大规模或者超大规模高浓度恶臭气体的除臭工程。


化学洗涤塔为双段水平逆向流填充式湿式洗涤塔,一般第一段以硫酸去除NH3,第二段以NaOH及NaClO去除H2S以及其他有机气体。塔槽为玻璃钢强化塑料材质,相关之检视窗、采样口及各循环液体、化学药液注入口及排水口等配合机能设置,并设置必要的操作平台。洗涤塔下方设置循环水泵、溢流、排水、自动补水等装置。洗涤塔填料由PE或PP或PVC等耐腐蚀材料成形之多孔球体或具有不堵塞与不结块的多孔型材料构成。


整个除臭装置包括洗涤塔、洗涤循环水泵、自动加药系统、鼓风机、化学药品储存槽、单元控制盘六大部分。


化学洗涤除臭法的基本原理是利用臭气成分与化学药液的主要成份间发生不可逆的化学反应生成新的无臭物质以达到脱臭的目的。详见如下:




       化学洗涤除臭法比较适用于恶臭污染源成分相对浓度很高、气量比较大的恶臭气体的处理,如污泥的热干化、石灰稳定等工艺产生的高强度的恶臭污染物。本工程由于污泥添加石灰调理产生的高浓度氨气亦适于采用化学洗涤方法去除。 

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