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2020-07-21
畜禽养殖厂污水站臭气治理工程设计研究
畜禽养殖厂污水臭气有机成分高,且含有大量畜禽粪便、皮毛,只要稍微搅动就会产生大量泡沫,使得后续的生化处理负荷非常大。根据这一特点,前处理除了隔油、隔渣外,还必须采用气浮处理。处理后可以去除大量的浮油、SS、血红蛋白。同时,采用水解酸化工艺使大分子有机物降解为小分子有机物、难降解物质能生化降解,从而减轻后续生化处理负荷。相对于城市污水厂,养殖废水产生的恶臭浓度更高,主要成分为硫化氢、氨气、甲硫醇、二甲胺、VFAs、VOCs等
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畜禽养殖厂污水站臭气治理工程设计研究
Date﹕2020-07-21|Source:Eclear Environmental


规模化畜禽养殖、养殖规范了过程监管,可以充分保证食品安全,但污染集中化。配套污水站则是环境治理的必要手段,随之伴生的臭气又成为新的污染源,对周围环境造成不同程度的污染。如果臭气得不到妥善治理,将直接影响周边居民及场区工作人员的身心健康和生活质量。

畜禽养殖厂污水臭气有机成分高,且含有大量畜禽粪便、皮毛,只要稍微搅动就会产生大量泡沫,使得后续的生化处理负荷非常大。根据这一特点,前处理除了隔油、隔渣外,还必须采用气浮处理。处理后可以去除大量的浮油、SS、血红蛋白。同时,采用水解酸化工艺使大分子有机物降解为小分子有机物、难降解物质能生化降解,从而减轻后续生化处理负荷。相对于城市污水厂,养殖废水产生的恶臭浓度更高,主要成分为硫化氢、氨气、甲硫醇、二甲胺、VFAs、VOCs等


1臭气来源及典型污染物浓度

畜禽养殖污水处理环节中,臭气来源主要有粗格栅、提升泵房、细格栅、隔油池、调节池、气浮机、水解酸化池、脱水机房及气浮储泥池、隔油池污泥池、储泥池等。通过项目前期监测,得到养殖污水厂内典型臭气污染物浓度范围(见表1)

表1臭气源典型污染物浓度

项目

硫化氢

粗细格栅、提升泵房

5?10

0?5

隔油池及配套污泥池

15?25

0?5

调节池

20?30

0?5

气浮机及配套污泥池

5?10

5?10

水解酸化池

15?20

0-5

储泥池

5?10

0?5  

脱水机房

5?10

5?10

2工艺流程


                                                          生物滤池除臭工艺图                                                                

图1生物除臭工艺流程


由于气体具有逸散性,因此能否有效地收集臭气是解决恶臭污染问题的关键。通过封闭臭气发生源,采用集气装置收集臭气印,再经过适当的处理即可有效地防止恶臭污染。


3局部封闭

为便于设备维修以及出水观察,未密封加盖的粗格栅、细格栅、隔油池、隔油池配套污泥池、气浮机的格栅机用碳钢骨架玻璃钢防腐+耐力板做罩间,其余提升泵房、污泥池、调节池、水解酸化池等用碳钢骨架玻璃钢防腐+耐力板加盖,局部钢格栅检修口用耐力板封闭;隔油池及气浮机采用外侧碳钢骨架反吊膜封闭,减少污染物对钢骨架的锈蚀。


4臭气处理工艺

与常规物理化学方法相比,生物除臭方法具有成本低、操作简便、技术清洁、无二次污染等优点回。因此建议采用生物除臭工艺,包含预洗段及生物过滤段,其中预洗段选择化工填料,其作用是去除气体中的固定污染物、调节臭气温度和湿度。生物过滤段选用以火山岩为主的复合填料,有机部分主要起吸附、过滤臭气作用,无机惰性火山岩具有轻质、比表面积大的特点,是微生物膜载体。填料中粗与细、有机和无机材料按比例合理混合,提高了机械性能,这样可有效防止填料压缩,并且保证长期运行的条件下生物滤池的压降保持稳定。

生物滤床加湿系统由无堵塞喷嘴、管道、阀门、管路过滤器、转子流量计、压力表、循环水泵、液位控制(带显示和报警)、溢水装置、排污装置、放空阀、自动补水装置、PLC时控装置等组成。

生物滤床考虑保温,,同时在循环水箱内设置电加热器,通过循环水箱中的温度检测仪表监测水温,低温时自动启动电加热器,维持循环水温度,保证生物滤床在冬季低温下正常运行


5结语

在除臭工程设计中,针对不同的构筑物功能和特点采用不同的封闭方式和换气次数,并根据臭气监测数据反馈控制变频调节风机低碳、高效地运行。



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