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2021-09-23
分析生物除臭工程封闭系统的应用
通过对某污水处理厂污泥脱水机房等生物除臭工程的研究和评价,发现生物除臭塔的设计参数可以最大限度地处理收集到的臭气,提高臭气处理效率。然而,从工程实施效果的角度来看,臭气密封系统是影响除臭对象境的关键因素。
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分析生物除臭工程封闭系统的应用
Date﹕2021-09-23|Source:Eclear Environmental

长期以来,由于资金和认识的限制,我国污水处理厂及其相关设施的建设很少考虑臭气的处理。随着公众环保意识的逐步提高和城市的快速发展,污水处理设施臭气影响公众生活质量和健康的投诉案例屡见不鲜,呈上升趋势。因此,如何在收集、运输和处理城市污水的同时,采用生物除臭工程有效控制臭气已成为亟待解决的问题之一。

生物除臭工程

介绍污水处理过程中散发的臭气主要来自有机物的厌氧消化,成分复杂。主要致臭物质有硫化氢(H2S)、氨(NH3)、挥发性有机物(VOC)和低分子含硫化合物。虽然绝对浓度不高,但由于嗅觉阈值很低,不仅对环境影响很大,而且危害人们的健康。

这些致臭物质都有活性基团,容易发生化学反应,特别容易被氧化分解。当活性基团被氧化分解时,恶臭气体就会消失。基于这一原理,生物除臭过程使收集到的气味在适当的条件下通过充满微生物的固体载体被填料吸收,然后被负载在填料上的微生物氧化分解,达到除臭的目的。近十年来,生物过滤除臭技术发展迅速。在德国和荷兰的一些生产性实践中,该技术成功处理了大量来自污水处理厂和公共区域的恶臭气体,去除率可超过90%。低运行成本、低能耗、避免污染物转移等特点使生物除臭技术比其他处理技术更具优势,近年来得到广泛应用,逐渐成为除臭技术的主流。一般来说,一个完整的生物除臭工程包括臭气密封系统、臭气收集系统、臭气处理系统和自动控制系统。然而,通过分析不同生物除臭工程的应用,发现虽然影响臭气处理效果的核心是生物除臭塔的效率,但生物除臭塔只处理收集系统收集的臭气。从改善除臭对象和周围环境的角度来看,臭气封闭系统起着至关重要的作用。

生物除臭技术

例如,对于某污水处理厂污泥脱水机房除臭工程的改造,其关键技术在于有效封闭潜在臭气污染源。如果臭气污染源不封闭,仅靠在污染源上方增加吸风口就无法有效收集臭气,脱水机房的臭气影响仍将更加明显。要通过有效的封闭措施和合理的收集处理措施,彻底解决污泥脱水室内及周围的臭气问题。封闭措施的制定需综合考虑各方面因素。考虑到脱水机房空间大,整体封闭导致处理规模大,投资高,脱水机房有操作人员工作,整体封闭脱水机房不可行;考虑到离心脱水机需要定期维护,小范围内隔离封闭离心脱水机和泥饼泵会影响维护,因此该方案也不可行。经过技术研究,为了较大限度地减少封闭空间,方便脱水机的维护和维护,封闭主要针对离心脱水机与污泥料斗的连接部位,目前气味溢出严重。该部位以脱水机房二楼楼板为分割界面分成上下两层分别封闭,上层封闭地面至脱水机机身下沿高度,封闭高度1m,封闭材料采用无色透光耐力板,利用磁条固定于机身。下层封闭屋顶至污泥斗上沿高度,采用不锈钢骨架+无色透光耐力板。封闭后,每台脱水机、泥饼泵和连接部分形成一个相对独立的封闭空间,利用风扇形成的真空收集封闭空间的气味,输送到生物除臭塔进行处理。

通过对某污水处理厂污泥脱水机房等生物除臭工程的研究和评价,发现生物除臭塔的设计参数可以较大限度地处理收集到的臭气,提高臭气处理效率。然而,从工程实施效果的角度来看,臭气密封系统是影响除臭对象境的关键因素。

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