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2021-12-20
生物除臭的工艺原理
     按气体味道,臭味大致可分为:鱼腥臭[胺类CH3NH2,(CH3)3N],氨臭[氨NH3],腐肉臭[二元胺类NH2(CH2)4NH2],腐蛋臭(硫化氢H2S),腐甘蓝臭[有机硫化物(CH3)2S],粪臭[C8H5NHCH3]以及某些生产废水的特殊臭味。      氨NH3刺激性硫化氢,H2S臭鸡蛋味,甲基硫醇CH3SH烂白菜味,二甲基硫醚(CH3)2S,二甲基二硫醚(CH3)2S2,甲基胺CH3NH2腐烂、腥味,二甲基胺(CH3)2N鱼腥味,三甲基胺(CH3)3N刺激性、腥味,粪臭素C9H9N粪臭味。      恶臭物质种类繁多,来源广泛,对人体呼吸、消化、心血管、内分泌及神经系统都会造成不同程度的毒害,其中芳香族化合物如苯、甲苯、苯乙烯等还能使人体产生畸变、癌变。污水臭气除臭技术在国外已经有几十年的运营经验,随着国内经济水平的提高和环保意识的加强,在国内也正开始兴起并呈走向蓬勃的趋势。  根据本工程实际情况,本设计采用生物除臭+活性炭吸附工艺。即对每个臭气
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生物除臭的工艺原理
Date﹕2021-12-20|Source:Eclear Environmental

     按气体味道,臭味大致可分为:鱼腥臭[胺类CH3NH2,(CH3)3N],氨臭[氨NH3],腐肉臭[二元胺类NH2(CH2)4NH2],腐蛋臭(硫化氢H2S),腐甘蓝臭[有机硫化物(CH3)2S],粪臭[C8H5NHCH3]以及某些生产废水的特殊臭味。

     氨NH3刺激性硫化氢,H2S臭鸡蛋味,甲基硫醇CH3SH烂白菜味,二甲基硫醚(CH3)2S,二甲基二硫醚(CH3)2S2,甲基胺CH3NH2腐烂、腥味,二甲基胺(CH3)2N鱼腥味,三甲基胺(CH3)3N刺激性、腥味,粪臭素C9H9N粪臭味。

     恶臭物质种类繁多,来源广泛,对人体呼吸、消化、心血管、内分泌及神经系统都会造成不同程度的毒害,其中芳香族化合物如苯、甲苯、苯乙烯等还能使人体产生畸变、癌变。污水臭气除臭技术在国外已经有几十年的运营经验,随着国内经济水平的提高和环保意识的加强,在国内也正开始兴起并呈走向蓬勃的趋势。

 根据本工程实际情况,本设计采用生物除臭+活性炭吸附工艺。即对每个臭气源构筑物产生的臭气通过臭气收集系统集中送入生物除臭装置,臭气在生物除臭装置内进行分解、氧化、吸附等反应,使臭气中的氨、硫化氢、甲硫醇和甲烷等恶臭污染物质有效分解,最后达标排放。

生物滤池 

     生物除臭工艺是一种安全可靠的臭气处理方法,除臭效率大于90%。其原理是污泥处理过程中所产生的臭气经收集系统收集后集中送至生物滤池除臭装置处理,臭气通过湿润、多孔和充满活性微生物的滤层,利用微生物细胞对恶臭物质的吸附、吸收和降解功能,微生物的细胞个体小、表面积大、吸附性强、代谢类型多样的特点,将恶臭物质吸附后分解成CO2、H2O、H2SO4、HNO3等简单无机物。

硫化氢H2S+202→H2SO4

甲硫醇2CH3SH+7O2→2H2SO4+2CO2+2H2O硫化醇(CH3)2S+5O2→H2SO4+2CO2+2H2O 

二甲二硫2(CH3)2S2+13O2→4H2SO4+4CO2+2H2O

NH3+2O2→HNO3+H2O

三甲胺2(CH3)3N+13O2→2HNO3+6CO2+8H2O

从以上的反应所示,臭气成分会分解成二氧化碳,水和硫酸、硝酸等酸性物质,适当的散水能冲掉这些酸性物质,以保持适当的微生物生长的环境。微生物除臭是利用微生物细胞对恶臭物质的吸附、吸收和降解功能,对臭气进行处理的一种工艺。主要过程如下:通过收集管道,抽风机将臭气收集到生物滤池除臭装置;经过填料微生物的吸附、吸收和降解,再通过活性炭吸附,将臭气成分去除。

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