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2021-08-25
微生物在恶臭废气处理中的研究及应用
微生物除臭,即利用自然界中存在或人工驯化改造的微生物,从源头上抑制恶臭物质的产生,或将其代谢成无臭无害的产物,从而达到除臭的目的。微生物除臭是气体扩散和生化反应的结果。
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微生物在恶臭废气处理中的研究及应用
Date﹕2021-08-25|Source:Eclear Environmental

生物除臭的过程和机理

微生物除臭,即利用自然界中存在或人工驯化改造的微生物,从源头上抑制恶臭物质的产生,或将其代谢成无臭无害的产物,从而达到除臭的目的。微生物除臭是气体扩散和生化反应的结果。水溶性恶臭气体物质的除臭过程主要分为三个阶段:第一阶段,恶臭气体与水接触并溶于水,完成从气相到液相的传播;第二阶段,溶于水的恶臭成分在浓度梯度差的驱动作用和微生物吸附作用下被吸收进入微生物细胞;第三阶段,微生物将恶臭成分作为营养或能源物质代谢,从而消除恶臭成分,达到除臭的目的。对于疏水性的恶臭气体物质,或直接由气相转移至生物膜相,或先经由一个中间相(如有机相、固相)再被微生物吸收进入细胞内,继而被代谢去除[17-18]。目前,微生物除臭的机理研究主要针对氨、硫化氢和一些挥发性有机恶臭物质,如含硫有机恶臭物质,其中氨和硫化氢是国家生态环境部规定的8种恶臭污染物中的2种,挥发性有机恶臭物质通常浓度低,但对恶臭强度有很大贡献氨气的去除,一方面可经过微生物的氨同化作用、硝化作用将氨转化成有机氮或硝态氮的形式,该机制最常用于以保氮为目的的堆肥除臭过程中;另一方面,也可经过微生物的生化作用最终转化成气态氮

生物除臭的主要技术。

根据微生物在除臭中的存在形式,微生物除臭技术主要可以分为生物清洗、生物过滤、生物滴滤和生物菌剂,这也是目前应用最广泛、工艺最成熟的四种微生物除臭技术,其相关原理和优缺点见表1。

微生物除臭技术对比

微生物气体的去除与产生的物理位置有直接关系,微生物除臭可分为臭气异位除臭和原位除臭。生物洗涤、生物过滤和生物滴滤属于异位除臭,生物菌剂属于原位除臭。


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