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2022-01-28
污水站除臭技术的现状及应用
在实际运行过程中,污水站会向周围空气中释放大量臭气,特别是预处理段、生化处理段、污泥处理段等恶臭气体。那么污水站除臭中的常用技术有哪些?
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污水站除臭技术的现状及应用
Date﹕2022-01-28|Source:Eclear Environmental

在实际运行过程中,污水站向周围空气中释放大量臭气,特别是预处理段、生化处理、污泥处理等恶臭气体。那么污水站除臭中的常用技术有哪些?

 05生物滤池01.13

臭气中的污染物对人类健康、经济建设活动、环境质量都有严重危害。一是大多数恶臭污染物毒性阈值低或嗅觉阈值低,容易引起不舒服感和中毒现象,不利于污水处理厂及其周边的经济建设活动的开展。二是恶臭污染物排入大气后,受光或大气微粒的作用,与其它物质发生反应,产生酸雨、灰霾、光化学烟雾等环境问题。

 

所以,降低污水处理厂排放前的恶臭污染物浓度,使之不影响周围环境和人体健康,尤其是地下污水站运行环境相对封闭,是当下的一项硬要求。

 

污水站臭气净化技术有多种,根据其净化机理可分为生物法、吸附法、洗涤法和等离子法等。其中,生物法除臭技术不仅除臭效率高、成本低,而且基本无二次污染。

 

最早应用于去除大气臭气污染物的生物过滤技术,以活性炭为主要填料,水为喷淋液。该活性炭是一种含有丰富有机物、矿物质和微生物的天然微生物复合体。有机物和矿物可向微生物提供营养素,吸附臭气污染物。可以将不同类型的土壤与活性炭颗粒、堆肥等其它类型填料组合成复合土滤层。

 

生物法除臭技术除微生物生物降解作用外,还需要吸附、吸收等作用,使得恶臭污染物进入微生物细胞内进行生物降解。常用的生物末端去除方法主要有生物过滤法、生物洗涤法和活性污泥扩散法。

 

生物过滤法除臭技术的关键在于生物过滤系统,其核心是微生物/填料层。生物过滤方法可按填料的种类、组成和喷淋方式分为土壤生物法、生物过滤法和生物滴滤法。

 

由于污水恶臭气体具有气量大、恶臭污染物组成复杂、恶臭污染物浓度低等特点。在社会经济发展的今天,降低运行成本,减少对环境的影响,减少能源消耗,是污水站发展的必然趋势。污水除臭采用生物除臭法,对于污水处理厂的建设和改造具有重要意义。

 

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