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2021-08-26
煤化工废水废气处理生物除臭系统的选择与思考
煤化工项目废水处理过程中产生一系列气味,主要成分为H2S和NH3,可携带酸碱气体。此外,还有少量有机气体,如甲硫醇、甲胺、甲基硫、苯、甲苯和烃。
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煤化工废水废气处理生物除臭系统的选择与思考
Date﹕2021-08-26|Source:Eclear Environmental

煤化工项目废水处理过程中产生一系列气味,主要成分为H2S和NH3,可携带酸碱气体。此外,还有少量有机气体,如甲硫醇、甲胺、甲基硫、苯、甲苯和烃。产生的臭气浓度一般为:NH3为0~300mg/m3,H2S为0~150mg/m3,臭气浓度为2000~8000(无量纲)。根据现行标准,符合GB14554-93和《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB14554-93规定的二级标准,以及《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB18918-2002中厂界废气排放标准。

煤化工废水废气处理生物除臭系统的整体除臭系统主要包括臭气收集罩、管道输送系统、化学洗涤塔、生物滤池、排放系统、投药系统和控制系统。其具体过程是:废气是由各废气源构筑物的密封罩收集,经离心风机作用通过气体管道输送到酸碱化学洗涤装置,在清洗塔中喷淋清水除去臭气中的固体污染物,调节空气温度和湿度,同时作为缓冲器,可降低高浓度污染负荷的峰值,通过酸碱溶液与臭气中的部分有害成分反应,为下一步生物处理做准备。洗涤塔处理后的气味进入生物滤池进一步处理,利用滤层中的微生物吸附、吸收和分解废气中的污染物,将废气中的污染物转化为无毒无害物质,完成净化过程,净化后通过废气排气管排出。应急情况下,废气可直接超越至烟囱高空排放。工艺流程如下所示。

煤化工污水废气处理工艺流程

生物滤池除臭的核心原理是利用滤池中微生物的新陈代谢活动降解臭气的有害成分。其降解过程可分为3个阶段:第一阶段为溶解阶段,利用离心式风机将臭气送入生物滤池,根据亨利定律,使有害成分充分溶解入水中,为下一阶段作准备;第二阶段为生物吸收段,将含有有害成分的水溶液经填料层与微生物充分接触,并被特种微生物菌群捕捉吸附,在适宜的温度、pH值、酸碱度等条件下,通过微生物自身代谢代谢产物与微生物充分接触,并在适宜的温度、pH值、酸碱度等方面进行降解,微生物体内摄取的有害成分可转化为生命能源,变成细胞物质,如硫酸盐、硝酸盐、硝酸盐等被微生物捕获,并在适宜的温度、pH值、酸碱度等环境条件下,微生物的降解过程接近于一般化学反应速度;第三阶段为生物更新段,微生物体内摄取的有害成分可转化为生命能源,变成细胞物质,如硫酸盐、硝酸盐、硝酸盐等被微生物捕捉吸附,并在适宜的温度、pH值、酸碱度等环境条件下,微生物体内摄取的有害成分可转化为生命能源,变成细胞物质,如硫酸盐、硝酸盐、硝酸盐等是微生物的主要来源。

生物滤池

随着我国对环保要求的日益严格,煤化工污水厂废气处理技术得到了充分发展。针对不同污水厂气味的特点,形成了多种处理技术,通过多种技术的有效组合,可以应对不同的工况。对煤化工水废气处理生物除臭系统,建议采用化学清洗与生物过滤相结合的废气净化技术,以达到现有的排放标准。


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