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2021-08-28
生活垃圾处理设施除臭设备的恶臭气体产生部位
垃圾在填埋、焚烧和堆肥除臭设备过程中会产生恶臭物质。
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生活垃圾处理设施除臭设备的恶臭气体产生部位
Date﹕2021-08-28|Source:Eclear Environmental

臭气的来源

垃圾在填埋、焚烧和堆肥除臭设备过程中会产生恶臭物质。恶臭气体的主要来源如下:垃圾在运输过程中泄漏的垃圾渗出液;垃圾在填埋场的倾倒区域铺设和堆放过程中腐烂产生的恶臭气体;垃圾排放过程中泄漏的垃圾渗出液;堆肥车间,尤其是后腐熟车间,垃圾发酵过程中产生的大量恶臭气体;焚烧车间堆放的垃圾散发的气味和垃圾进料斗渗出的渗出液;垃圾渗出液除臭设备处理过程中产生的气味和气味。各类如表1所示。

恶臭物质来源分布

垃圾腐烂发酵会产生苯、硫化物、卤代烃、烯烃、烷烃、含氧有机物等多种恶臭物质。据文献研究,在生活垃圾填埋工艺的预处理车间检测出50种臭味物质,从质量浓度和嗅觉阈值的角度分析,二甲二硫醚、乙酸丁酯、二乙苯和乙醇四种臭味物质对臭味浓度的贡献较大;在生活垃圾焚烧厂垃圾堆积车间,检测出55种臭味物质,其中包括甲硫醇、二甲二硫醚、乙醇和柠檬烯;在生活垃圾堆肥工艺的预处理车间,检测出34种臭味物质,其中包括乙醇、二甲二硫醚、乙酸丁酯和柠檬烯。研究表明,夏季生活垃圾堆肥过程中的恶臭物质主要是含氧有机物,其次是芳烃。不同堆肥处理厂的主要恶臭物质种类不同,卸料厂和粉碎厂的主要恶臭物质是乙酸和甲硫醚,发酵厂和分解厂的主要恶臭物质是乙酸、乙醛、甲硫醚、α-丁烯、二硫醚、柠檬烯、β-丁烯和乙醇。常见垃圾除臭设备处理恶臭物质的种类和嗅觉阈值如表2所示。

常见垃圾恶臭物质种类和嗅阈值



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